Journal Paper What to Write in Discussion Section
How to Write a Discussion Section | Checklist and Examples
The give-and-take chapter is where you delve into the meaning, importance and relevance of your results. It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found, showing how it relates to your literature review and research questions, and making an argument in back up of your overall conclusion. There are many different means to write this section, but you can focus your discussion effectually iv key elements:
- Interpretations: what practice the results mean?
- Implications: why do the results matter?
- Limitations: what can't the results tell united states?
- Recommendations: what applied actions or scientific studies should follow?
In that location is often overlap between the discussion and determination, and in some dissertations these two sections are included in a single chapter. Occasionally, the results and discussion will be combined into one chapter. If you're unsure of the best construction for your research, wait at sample dissertations in your field or consult your supervisor.
Summarize your fundamental findings
Kickoff this affiliate past reiterating your research problem and concisely summarizing your major findings. Don't just repeat all the data you lot accept already reported – aim for a clear argument of the overall issue that directly answers your primary inquiry question. This should be no more ane paragraph.
Examples
- The results indicate that…
- The written report demonstrates a correlation between…
- This assay supports the theory that…
- The data suggests that…
Give your interpretations
The pregnant of the results might seem obvious to you, but information technology'south important to spell out their significance for the reader and testify exactly how they reply your research questions.
The form of your interpretations volition depend on the type of research, simply some typical approaches to interpreting the data include:
- Identifying correlations, patterns and relationships amid the data
- Discussing whether the results met your expectations or supported your hypotheses
- Contextualizing your findings inside previous research and theory
- Explaining unexpected results and evaluating their significance
- Because possible alternative explanations and making an argument for your position
You can organize your discussion around key themes, hypotheses or research questions, following the same structure equally your results section. You can also begin by highlighting the most significant or unexpected results.
Examples
- In line with the hypothesis…
- Contrary to the hypothesized association…
- The results contradict the claims of Smith (2007) that…
- The results might suggest that X. However, based on the findings of like studies, a more plausible explanation is Y.
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Discuss the implications
Besides equally giving your ain interpretations, brand sure to relate your results back to the scholarly piece of work that you surveyed in the literature review. The give-and-take should bear witness how your findings fit with existing knowledge, what new insights they contribute, and what consequences they take for theory or exercise. Ask yourself these questions:
- Do your results hold with previous enquiry? If then, what do they add to information technology?
- Are your findings very different from other studies? If then, why might this be?
- Practice the results back up or challenge existing theories?
- Are there any practical implications?
Your overall aim is to prove the reader exactly what your research has contributed and why they should care.
Examples
- These results build on existing bear witness of…
- The results do not fit with the theory that…
- The experiment provides a new insight into the relationship between…
- These results should be taken into account when because how to…
- The data contributes a clearer agreement of…
- While previous research has focused onX, these results demonstrate that Y.
Acknowledge the limitations
Even the best research has some limitations, and acknowledging these is important to demonstrate your credibility. Limitations aren't virtually listing your errors, merely nearly providing an accurate picture of what can and cannot be concluded from your study.
Limitations might be due to your overall enquiry design, specific methodological choices, or unanticipated obstacles that emerged during the research process. You should only mention limitations that are directly relevant to your research objectives, and evaluate how much impact they had on achieving the aims of the research.
For example, if your sample size was small or limited to a specific group of people, note that this limits its generalizability. If you encountered problems when gathering or analyzing data, explain how these influenced the results. If there are potential confounding variables that you were unable to command, acknowledge the outcome these may have had.
Later on noting the limitations, you can reiterate why the results are nonetheless valid for the purpose of answering your inquiry questions.
Examples
- The generalizability of the results is limited by…
- The reliability of this information is impacted by…
- Due to the lack of data on X, the results cannot confirm…
- The methodological choices were constrained by…
- Information technology is beyond the scope of this study to…
State your recommendations
Based on the give-and-take of your results, you can make recommendations for practical implementation or further research. Sometimes the recommendations are saved for the conclusion.
Suggestions for farther inquiry can pb directly from the limitations. Don't merely state that more than studies should be done – give concrete ideas for how future work can build on areas that your own enquiry was unable to address.
- Farther research is needed to establish…
- Future studies should take into business relationship…
What to leave out of the discussion
In that location are a few mutual mistakes to avert when writing the discussion section of your dissertation.
- Don't introduce new results– you lot should only hash out the information that you have already reported in the results chapter.
- Don't make inflated claims– avoid overinterpretation and speculation that isn't supported past your data.
- Don't undermine your research – the discussion of limitations should aim to strengthen your credibility, not emphasize weaknesses or failures.
Checklist
Frequently asked questions well-nigh the discussion
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